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ON BECAUSE COULD NOT STOP FO
畢業論文
Abstract:DeathandeternityarethemajorthemesinmostofEmilyDickinson’s
poems.“BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeath”isoneofherclassicpoems.
Throughtheanalysis,thisessayclarifiesinfiniteconceptionsbythe
dialecticalrelationshipbetweenrealityandimagination,theknownand
theunknown.Andittellswhat’seternityinDickson’seyes.
Keywords:death,eternity,finite,infinite
Introduction
EmilyDickinson（1830-1886）,theAmericanbest-knownfemalepoet，was
oneoftheforemostauthorsinAmericanliterature.EmilyDickinson’s
poems,aswellasWaltWhitman’s,wereconsideredasapartof"American
renaissance";theywereregardedaspioneersofimagism.Bothofthemrejected
customandreceivedwisdomandexperimentedwithpoeticstyle.Shehowever
differsfromWhitmaninavarietyofways.Foronething,Whitmanseems
tokeephiseyeonsocietyatlarge;Dickinsonexplorestheinnerlife
oftheindividual.WhereasWhitmanis"national"inhisoutlook,Dickinson
is"regional"
EmilyDickinsonwasborninAmherst,Massachusetts,onDecember10,1830.
Shelivedalmostherentirelifeinthesametown(muchofitinthesame
house),traveledinfrequently,nevermarried,andinherlastyearsnever
leftthegroundsofherfamily.Soshewascalled"vestalofAmherst".
Andyetdespitethisnarrow--somemightsay--pathologicallyconstricted-outward
experience,shewasanextremelyintelligent,highlysensitive,anddeeply
passionatepersonwhothroughoutheradultlifewrotepoems(addupto
around2000)thatwerestartlinglyoriginalinbothcontentandtechnique,
poemsthatwouldprofoundlyinfluenceseveralgenerationsofAmericanpoets
andthatwouldwinherasecurepositionasoneofthegreatestpoetsthat
Americahaseverproduced.
$False$
Dickinson’ssimplyconstructedyetintenselyfelt,acutelyintellectual
writingstakeastheirsubjectissuesvitaltohumanity:theagoniesand
ecstasiesoflove,sexuality,theunfathomablenatureofdeath,thehorrors
ofwar,Godandreligiousbelief,theimportanceofhumor,andmusings
onthesignificanceofliterature,music,andart.
EmilyDickinsonenjoystheKingJamesVersionoftheBible,aswell
asauthorssuchasEnglishWRTERSWilliamShakespeare,JohnMilton,Charles
Dickens,ElizabethBarrettBrowning,GeorgeEliot,andThomasCarlyle.
Dickinson’searlystyleshowsthestronginfluenceofWilliamShakespeare,
BarrettBrowning,ScottishpoetRobertBrowning,andEnglishpoetsJohn
KeatsandGeorgeHerbert.AndDickinsonreadEmersonappreciatively,who
becameapervasiveand,inasense,formativeinfluenceoverher.AsGeorge
F.Whichernotes,"HersolefunctionwastotesttheTranscendentalist
ethicinitsapplicationtotheinnerlife".
1“death”inEmilyDickinson’spoets
Foraslongashistoryhasbeenrecordedandprobablyformuchlonger,
manhasalwaysbeendifferentideaofhisowndeath.Eventhoseofuswho
haveaccepteddeathgraciously,haveatleastinsomeway,---feared,
dreaded,orattemptedtodelayitsarrival.Wehavepersonifieddeath--
asanevildoerdressedinallblack,itspresenceswoopsdownuponusand
chokesthelifefromusasthoughitweresomestreetmurderwithmalicious
intent.Butinreality,weknowthatdeathisnotthechaoticgrimreaper
offairytalesandmythology.Ratherthanbeingacruelandunfairprankster
ofevil,deathisanunavoidableandnaturalpartoflifeitself.
DeathandimmoralityisthemajorthemeinthelargestportionofEmily
Dickinson’spoetry.Herpreoccupationwiththesesubjectsamountedtoan
obsessionsothataboutonethirdofherpoemsdwellonthem.Dickinson’s
manyfriendsdiedbeforeher,andthefactthatdeathseemedtooccuroften
intheAmherstofthetimeaddedtohergloomymeditation.Dickinson’s
isnotsheerdepictionofdeath,butanemphaticoneofrelationsbetween
lifeanddeath,deathandlove,deathandeternity.Deathisamust-be-crossed
bridge.Shedidnotfearit,becausethearrivalinanotherworldisonly
throughthegraveandtheforgivenessfromGodistheonlywaytoeternity
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