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  • Profiles of the Chinese Pig Industr

    時間:2024-08-02 16:26:43 英語畢業(yè)論文 我要投稿
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    Profiles of the Chinese Pig Industr

    畢業(yè)論文

    Nomatterwhomyouask,theanswerwillbethesame:ChinaistheNo.1porkproducerandconsumeronthisplanet.Intheyearof2000,527millionheadsofpigswereslaughtered,andnearly50%ofallporkintheworldisnowproducedinChina(NBSC,FAO,USDA,2002).1.3billionconsumersseemtopreferporkoveranyothermeatsintheirmeals-essentiallyallporkproducedinthecountryisconsumeddomestically.

    Dependingonwhomyouask,youwillatleasthavesomedifferentanswersabouttheprofilesoftheChinesepigindustry.In1999,asurveyconductedbyNBSC(NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina)revealedthathouseholdsinruralChinaraisedanaverageof1.48pigs(NBSC,2000).Onepersonof8intheworldisaChinesefarmer.Anotherfrequentlyquotedstatisticisthatabout80percentofallChinesepigsareproducedinthebackyardsoffarmers’homes.Recentreportspreparedin2002byhogindustryassociationsinZhejiang,Shanghai,Beijing,andGuangdongprovincesproposedthat40to50percentofthehogswereproducedon‘scalefarms’inthoseprovinces.,itisdifficulttopreciselydefinea‘scalefarm’andvalidatethereportswithoutmorereliabledata.Whatarethecorrectnumberstodescribetheprofiles?Therealitymaybesimple:therehasbeennosoundandcomprehensiveinvestigation/surveyaccomplishedsofarinordertoaccuratelyprofiletheindustry.

    IncreasingmarketopennessinferredbyChina’saccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization,continuedincomegrowth,andtheshiftoffoodconsumptionpatternstowardsmoremeathaveattractedmoreandmoreattentionsfromtherestofworldonChineseporkindustry.

    ThisreportattemptstodepictthepigindustryinChinabyexploringtheproductioncostsandmajorconstraintsofseveralswineproducers.KeyfactorsandissueswillaccordinglybestressedtoillustratewhatdifferentiatestheChinesepigindustryfromothercountries’andwhatdirectiontheindustryisheadinginforthefuture.
    Case1:Ms.Yan-StrugglingBackyardProducers

    Ms.Yanis64yearsoldandhasbeenraisingtwopigsforthelast40yearsexceptforseveralextremeyearsinearly1960smanypeoplediedoffamine.Sheandherhusbandre-builttheirhouseinruralShandongProvincesatleastsixtimesinthelast40years.

    InthoseverydifficultyearsamidtheCulturalRevolution,3or4pigsayearcouldaddasignificantpartoffamilyrevenue.Foodgrain(mainlywheat)wasneverenoughforfouryoungchildrenintheearlyyears.Sellingapigtwoorthreetimesayearallowedforthepurchasesofotherfoodsinreturn.

    Table1.OperationDescriptionofMs.Yan’s2-pigFarm.
    ItemsNote
    1.FeederPigs-boughtfromlocalbazaarsatabout15to23Kgandabout$0.85/Kg2-or3-waycrossbred.Paycanbedeferredasshort-termdebt.
    2.Feed-onlyabout10%ofthefeedisgrain,proteinmeals,andpremixes;othersarefoodresidueswithnocost.Onlyfeedlittlegrainatearlyandlatestage.
    3.Daystomarket-about200daysfrom20Kgto65Kg.
    4.Marketpigs-soldtodealersoronlocalbazaars.Liveweightpricevariesfrom$0.65to$0.80/Kgin2002.
    5.Manure-storedinaopenpitforfieldapplicationConsideredtohavevalue
    6.Labor&Vets-timeusedforbuyingandsellingpigsandcleaning;vetsanddrugscostabout$10perpig.Noopportunitycostforlaborincluded





    TTable2.ConsolidatedBalanceSheetofMs.Yan’s2-pigOperation,
    June30,2002
    ItemsAmount,USDItemsAmount,USD
    AssetsLiability
    Current
    Cashforfeedandvets42Shorttermdebtforfeederpigs19
    4%premixandotherfeedinstore9Taxespayable4
    Fixed
    Pigshed,trough,andtools133
    Pigs77
    Totalequity238

    Table3.EstimatedConsolidatedIncomeStatementofMs.Yan’2-pigOperation,December31,2002
    ItemsAmount,USDNote
    Revenues
    Pigssold141.53pigssoldayear
    Manurecollectedforfertilizeruse29Opportunitycost
    Expenses
    Buyfeederpigs21.5
    Grainandproteinmeals13.88%offeed
    Premixes2.85Kgtotal
    Labor65Normallynotincluded
    Vetsanddrugs7.3
    Others6.5
    Depreciation2.7
    Netincomebeforetaxes&nb

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