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史記的個(gè)性化語(yǔ)言
摘 要
司馬遷是我國(guó)歷史上著名的文學(xué)家，他撰寫了不朽的著作——《史記》，開啟了我國(guó)的敘事文學(xué)。他的《史記》給我們展現(xiàn)了1個(gè)個(gè)鮮活的歷史人物，1幕幕生動(dòng)的歷史場(chǎng)景，這些都得益于他準(zhǔn)確、生動(dòng)、傳神的語(yǔ)言個(gè)性化，因此，他也是偉大的語(yǔ)言大師。《史記》的語(yǔ)言歷來(lái)為研究者們重視。他的善于寫人敘事，令后人嘆服。
《史記》的語(yǔ)言大體上可分為兩種，1種是人物語(yǔ)言；1種是敘述語(yǔ)言。人物語(yǔ)言是指《史記》中所塑造的人物的語(yǔ)言，1般包括獨(dú)白和對(duì)話。《史記》中人物之所以傳神與它的許多精彩的人物動(dòng)作描寫也是分不開的，經(jīng)常通過(guò)寥寥數(shù)筆，就將1個(gè)人的神態(tài)躍然紙上，這些動(dòng)作描寫在塑造人物性格上有著舉足輕重的作用。因此，我把這種動(dòng)作描寫也歸在人物語(yǔ)言1類。敘述語(yǔ)言是指《史記》中所寫的除人物語(yǔ)言以外的部分。它包括場(chǎng)面描寫，事件描寫和論贊語(yǔ)。人物語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)，逼真，形象，傳神，呼之欲出，符合人物身份；敘述語(yǔ)言樸素，明凈，淺近，活潑，有節(jié)奏，有氣勢(shì)。總之，無(wú)論是人物語(yǔ)言也好，敘述語(yǔ)言也罷，都帶著濃郁的個(gè)性化色彩。《史記》的人物語(yǔ)言和敘述語(yǔ)言總是有機(jī)緊密地結(jié)合在1起，通過(guò)2者的相互作用和補(bǔ)充，構(gòu)成不可分割的藝術(shù)整體充分描寫展示人物。
關(guān)鍵詞：史記；個(gè)性化；語(yǔ)言
ABSTRACT
Si Maqian,the famous litterateur of history of China, wroted an imperishable literature named Shi Ji. Its the starting of narrative literature of China. His Shi Ji showed some vivid characters, dramatic scenes to us. All of this benefit from his veracious, vivid and lifelike lingual individuation. Therefore, His is a great language master. The language of Shi Ji was laid store by researchers all the time. Describeing human and circs, Si Maqian the most specialized in which, was compellent.The language of Shi Ji divided into two parts in the main. The first class is character language. the second class is narrative language. The character language indicated，the language of the fictile characters of Shi Ji, including monologue and dialogue. The lifelike characters of Shi Ji could not divide from brilliant description of character actions. He used simple characterization to express a vivid character. It is the most important effect to mold the makeup of a character. Thus I rank this description to the class of character language. The narrative language including scene description, affair description ,comment and praise. The character language was vividly portrayed. The narrative language was simplicity. Anyhow, Both character and narrative language are including individuation. They combined, supplied and formed exposition.
Key words: Shi Ji; Individuation; Language
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