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《詩經》婚戀詩的民俗意義
摘 要
《詩經》中的婚戀詩，以高度的藝術概括力揭示了當時的社會現實和婚姻現象的某些本質，具體而生動地再現了遠古時代人們的婚戀生活和情感世界。西周時期人們的婚戀，既有尚古之荒蠻自由，又開始受嚴格的宗法禮制的約束；既有對原始社會婚戀風俗的傳承，又向封建婚戀風俗的過渡。因此，從民俗意義的視角研讀《詩經》婚戀詩，從而獲知中國古代早期的婚姻觀念、禮俗和婚戀生活習俗，更有助于今天的讀者認識《詩經》的藝術原貌以及當時的社會風貌。
本文從3個方面來提示《詩經》時代人們的婚戀生活原貌，首先主要分析當時人們的婚姻觀念，即《詩經》時代人們的婚姻目的和男女雙方在家庭生活中的地位，其次通過分析詩歌對當時人們的自由戀愛產生的環境和當時人們約會的1些情形作了介紹，最后著重分析周代的婚姻觀念和等級觀念對婚姻的影響以及當時的婚嫁儀式。
關鍵字：詩經；婚戀詩；民俗意義
ABSTRACT
"Poetry" the center love and marriage poem, has promulgated then social reality and the marital phenomenon certain essences by the high artistic summary strength, specifically and vividly has reappeared the ancient times time peoples love and marriage life and the emotion world. Western Zhou Dynasty time peoples love and marriage, both had still the ancient uncultivated land to be free, and started the strict clanlaw restraint; Both has to the primitive society love and marriage custom inheritance, and to feudal love and marriage custom transition. Therefore, reads "Poetry" from the folk custom significance angle of view the love and marriage poem, thus learned China ancient times the early marital idea, the ritual were vulgar and the love and marriage life custom, was helpful knows "Poetry" to today reader the artistic original condition as well as then social style.
This article prompts "Poetry" from three aspects the time peoples love and marriage life original condition, first mainly analyzed at that time peoples marital idea, namely "Poetry" the time peoples marital goal and the male and female both sides in family life status, next the environment which free to choose a mate produced at that time to the people and people appointment some situations has made the introduction at that time through the analysis poetry, finally emphatically analyzed the Zhou Dynasty the marital idea and the rank idea to the marriage the influence as well as then marriage ceremony.
Key words: Poetry; Love and marriage poem; Folk custom;significance.
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