職場雙語：比下有余讓人更幸福
Maybe money can't buy happiness. But it can buy status, and status can indeed make us a bit happier.
金錢或許買不到幸福，但能買到地位，而身份地位的確能讓我們更幸福一些。
An article in Time describes new research from Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick, and Simon Moore, a psychologist at Cardiff University. The pair sought to understand why societies that became wealthier didn't become collectively happier. After all, rising incomes and wealth made individuals happier, up to a certain point of course.
Richard Attenborough爵士站在一輛勞斯萊斯旁《時(shí)代》(Time)雜志的一篇文章描述了華威大學(xué)(University of Warwick)的博伊斯(Chris Boyce)和卡迪夫大學(xué)(Cardiff University)的摩爾(Simon Moore)這兩位心理學(xué)家的最新研究。二人試圖了解為什么更加富裕的社會卻沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)集體幸福感的增強(qiáng)。畢竟，收入和財(cái)富的增加當(dāng)然會在一定程度上讓一個(gè)人更幸福。
So the researchers decided to dig deeper into what is called the 'reference-income hypothesis,' a fancy way of saying that wealth is relative. If an entire country gets richer at the same time, individuals wouldn't necessarily feel wealthier, since their relative positions in society hadn't changed.
因此研究人員決定深入挖掘所謂的“相對收入假定”。這是說明財(cái)富相對論的一種假想方式。如果整個(gè)國家同時(shí)變得更富裕，個(gè)人并不一定會感到更富有，因?yàn)樗麄冊谏鐣械南鄬Φ匚徊⑽窗l(fā)生改變。
Most people don't compare themselves with an abstract national average. Messrs. Boyce and Moore decided to try to figure out how people compare themselves with their neighbors, colleagues at work or friends from college. The higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would likely be.
大多數(shù)人不會拿自己和抽象的.全國平均水平進(jìn)行比較。博伊斯和摩爾決定設(shè)法弄清人們?nèi)绾文米约号c左鄰右舍、工作中的同事或大學(xué)時(shí)的朋友相比較。他們的排名越高，幸福感和自我價(jià)值意識也可能越強(qiáng)。
'For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person, or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set,' write the authors.
作者寫道，例如，人們可能會在意在進(jìn)行比較的所有人中，他們的薪水究竟是排在第二位，還是排在第八位。
They found that the person's rank within the comparison set was a stronger predictor of happiness than absolute wealth. 'If absolute income matters, as we increased our income, everybody should get happier at a national level, but we don't seem to,' Mr. Boyce said. 'So what we are showing is that in terms of life satisfaction, rank is a better predictor than absolute wealth.'
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在比較中的排名比其絕對財(cái)富更能預(yù)示他的幸福程度。博伊斯說，如果絕對收入與幸福有關(guān)，當(dāng)收入增加時(shí)，全國每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)該更幸福，但看來并非如此。因此我們認(rèn)為，排名比絕對財(cái)富更能預(yù)示一個(gè)人的生活滿意度。
The research may help explain why there is much consternation about wealth inequality over the past two decades even though standards of living have improved for many in the lower strata.
這一研究可能有助于解釋為什么在過去20年間，縱然許多社會低層人員的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也得到改善，人們還是對貧富不均感到如此的恐慌。
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