2016年托福寫(xiě)作素材模板精選
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素材模板一：馬斯洛需求層次理論
1.素材段落
Consumer motivation is associated with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. According to his theory, motivational forces have different levels of importance. The most common needs are physiological needs (including food and shelter) and safety needs, both of which are tightly connected to basic survival. Higher-level needs include social needs (including relationships and love), esteem needs (including recognition and status) and self-actualization needs (also known as the needs to fulfill oneself). In Maslow’s view, individuals must meet their lower-level needs before being motivated to fulfill their higher-level needs.
2.單詞和詞組
be associated with 與…相聯(lián)系
=be connected to
Criteria for the judgment of purchasing different products may be associated with a number of elements, particularly personal preferences and specific functions.
fulfill 實(shí)現(xiàn)、滿足=accomplish
fulfill a work program
fulfill one’s responsibility
3.句型結(jié)構(gòu)
…, both of which … 這兩者都，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)
Chess encourages personality and mental development, both of which are very important in a child’s early years.
4.適用考題
People often buy products not because they really need them, but because other people have them. (2014.11.2/2013.5.11)
The main purpose for people to have jobs is to earn money rather than gain public recognition. (2012.5.20)
People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment. They do things they like to do rather than do the things they should be doing. (TPO 5)
素材模板二：孩子看電視
1.素材段落
Some television programs are educational, informative and inspiring, and are often more effective than books in bringing children a wide scope of knowledge. Common questions, such as how a tree grows, why it snows in the winter and what the Great Wall is, can be answered in television shows. What children learn from television can be a vital complement to their school learning. When children who frequently watch educational programs on television take elementary school classes, they are more likely to receive higher grades and value their studies more than their fellow students. Also, according to a latest study conducted by a group of scientists from the University of Siena in Italy, television programs, particularly cartoons and comedies, are effective sources of relief to children who are under intense pressure or in severe pain.
2.單詞和詞組
a wide scope of 廣泛的
=a wide range of
vital 至關(guān)重要的
=critical, decisive, fundamental
vital to children’s intellectual development
vital to national security
a question of vital importance=a very important question
3.句型結(jié)構(gòu)
…, particularly cartoons and comedies, … 插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
Many people, particularly those who lead busy lives, have little time or inclination to read books, but they enjoy watching television.
4.適用考題
Printed books have more influence on society than televisions once had. (2011.10.20)
素材模板三：社區(qū)服務(wù)和提高社會(huì)技能
1.素材段落
Participating in community service is a practical and effective approach for teenagers who desire to enhance their social skills. For example, a teenager, who is not a sociable person, seizes an opportunity to work in the community as a volunteer for hosting an English conversation group. This volunteer work will make him capable of practicing his communication skills as he will be conversing with people of different ages and backgrounds. Such an experience enables him to overcome the fear of speaking in front of groups of people and he will master the skills of how to communicate with different kinds of people in an appropriate way. His actions will lead to an improvement in his social skills and, in particular, his interpersonal skills.
2.單詞和詞組
seize an opportunity 抓住機(jī)會(huì)
=make the most of an opportunity
Citizens have seized every opportunity to educate themselves with innumerable news sources at their disposal.
capable of 能夠=able to
Qualified teachers are capable of enlightening students’ hearts and minds as well as leading them to a brilliant success.
3.句型結(jié)構(gòu)
… enable(s) … 使…能夠，通常和be able to進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換
The columns in the newspaper enable readers to acquire more profound knowledge about the country.
Readers are able to acquire more profound knowledge about the country from the columns in the newspaper.
4.適用考題
Universities should spend more money supporting social activities rather than improving the food students eat. (2013.8.17)
At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and they should receive equal financial support. (TPO 1)
Young people today do not volunteer enough time towards helping their communities. (TPO 25)
素材模板四：旅途中交朋友
1.素材段落
Why do people travel? Answers may vary to this question but one of the most important reasons is to change our routine way of living and to gain new experiences. It is exciting to make new friends during a journey. Sharing the feelings with companions is far more interesting than experiencing the whole trip just by oneself. Also, it is safer and more economical because there is another person to rely on and to share the bills with. More importantly, there would also exist opportunities to meet some local friends who would be perfect guides to help make a trip more complete. We can learn about different cultures from local residents, and their advice would be invaluable to us since they are more familiar with the local environment. Help is always needed during a trip when one is exploring the unknown world.
2.單詞和詞組
vary 改變、相異=differ
invaluable 有價(jià)值的=valuable, precious
The inner peace and balance that I enjoy from the company with my family members is invaluable to me.
explore 探索
These methods help children build far-reaching insight and train them to explore the world with their own eyes.
3.句型結(jié)構(gòu)
More importantly, … 更為重要的是
Large companies provide considerable compensation and social welfare benefits for their employees. More importantly, employees in large companies also receive many training and promotion opportunities.
4.適用考題
Which of the following three factors contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation? a. good food b. good location c. good friends to travel with you. (2013.4.14)
The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. (TPO 16)
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