英語四級：基礎語法精講

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2016英語四級：基礎語法精講

　　想要學好英語四級怎么能不知道這些時態(tài)呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

2016英語四級：基礎語法精講

　　動詞(時態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)

　　時態(tài)

　　1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)(have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結束.

　　I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

　　I’ve been sitting in the garden.

　　2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

　　I’d been working for some time when he called.

　　We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

　　3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.

　　By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

　　In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

　　4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發(fā)生的事.

　　I shall have finished this one before lunch.

　　They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

　　語態(tài)

　　可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:

　　He was said to be jealous of her success.

　　It was said that he was jealous of her success.

　　能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

　　It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

　　The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

　　擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

　　Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)

　　雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態(tài)

　　雙賓語結構的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.

　　He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

　　Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

　　賓補結構的被動語態(tài):

　　She was called Big Sister by everybody.

　　Then he was made a squad leader.

　　He was considered quite qualified for the job.

　　The room was always kept clean and tidy.

　　短語動詞

　　Vi + adv

　　The plane took off two hours late.

　　Vi + prep

　　They looked round the Cathedral.

　　Vi + prep (有被動語態(tài))

　　延伸閱讀：

　　句子成分(members of the sentence)

　　英語的句子由主語部分與謂語部分組成。具體地講，主要有下列六種句子成分：

　　1)主語(subject)它是句子所要說明的人或事物，是一句的主體。如I study English(我學習英語)中的I。

　　2)謂語動詞(predicate verb)它是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的，如I study English中的study。

　　3)表語(predicative)它是放在連系動詞之后表示主語的身分或特征的，如I am a student(我是一個學生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我們的教室很干凈)中的clean。

　　4)賓語(object)它是表示及物動詞動作的對象的，如I study English中的English。介詞后面的名詞或代詞，叫做介詞的賓語，如They don't work on Sunday(他們星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介詞on的賓語。

　　5)定語(attribute)它是限定或修飾名詞或代詞用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜歡喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。

　　6)狀語(adverbial)它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞用的，如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。

　　[注]虛詞在句子中一律不能作為句子成分。

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