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2016英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞解析
想要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)四級(jí)怎么能不知道情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
1)用于第一人稱(chēng)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，如：
What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢?
Shall we dance? 我們跳舞好嗎?
2)shall 用于第二、三人稱(chēng)時(shí)表允諾，警告，命令，威脅(現(xiàn)已少見(jiàn))，如：
She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。
You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以將它拿回。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should一般不應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall的過(guò)去式，主要用法有：
1)用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿，但語(yǔ)氣較委婉溫和，如：
What should we do now? 我們現(xiàn)在該怎么辦?
2)表示應(yīng)該、必須，常與must 換用。例如：
We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)至少掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。
3)"should+be+表語(yǔ)"的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示推測(cè)或驚奇。例如：
They should be back by now. 他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該回來(lái)了吧。
I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遺憾她竟會(huì)那樣粗心。
4)"should+have+過(guò)去分詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過(guò)去該做而實(shí)際上尚未做的動(dòng)作或行為;其否定則表示發(fā)生了不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的行為。其同義結(jié)構(gòu)"ought to have +過(guò)去分詞",表示過(guò)去"早應(yīng)該"、"本當(dāng)"之意，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。例如：
I should have thought of that. 這一點(diǎn)我是應(yīng)當(dāng)想到的。(但沒(méi)想到)
They should not have left so soon.他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)走得這么早。(但已走了)
5) 在"It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that......"句型中，主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should +動(dòng)詞原形"表示"理所當(dāng)然"、"奇怪"、"必要"、"驚異"等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以備萬(wàn)一)等之后也要用should+動(dòng)詞原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的從句中should+do"例如：
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
有必要馬上派他到那里去。
It is strange that he should say so. 他會(huì)說(shuō)這樣的話(huà)真是奇怪。
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
我們馬上走吧，以免趕不上火車(chē)。
will和would的用法
1)表示意志，決心或愿望。例如：
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我們一定要支持全世界人民爭(zhēng)取和平的斗爭(zhēng)。
He would not let me try it . 他不肯讓我去試。
2)will表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、傾向性，would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣行為。
He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
他會(huì)經(jīng)常一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒觀看來(lái)往的車(chē)輛。
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.
他在北京時(shí)，常來(lái)看望我。
3)用于第二人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中，表示對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求，would的語(yǔ)氣比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)到火車(chē)站怎么走?
4)表可能性
This will be the book you are looking for.
這可能就是你要找的書(shū)。
She eould be about 60 when she died.
他死時(shí)大概60歲。
need和dare的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 need
句型 時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 dare
肯定句 現(xiàn)在時(shí) dare to 少用 dare/dares to do
過(guò)去時(shí) dare to 少用 dared to do
否定句 現(xiàn)在時(shí) daren't/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
過(guò)去時(shí) dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑問(wèn)句 現(xiàn)在時(shí) Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
過(guò)去時(shí) Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
needn't have v-ed 表示過(guò)去做了某事，但沒(méi)有做的必要， 意為"本沒(méi)必要..."。例如：
You needn't have waken me up; I don't have to go to work today
表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句子的反意疑問(wèn)句
He must/may be in the room, isn't he?
He can't be in the room, is he?
He must have finished the work, hasn't he?
He may have done the work last night, didn't he?
：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式(即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推測(cè)或評(píng)論某動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在是否正在進(jìn)行。例如：
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成進(jìn)行式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成進(jìn)行式(即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推測(cè)或評(píng)論過(guò)去某動(dòng)作是否正在進(jìn)行或一直在進(jìn)行。例如：
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v
(1)used to +v意為"過(guò)去常常"，"過(guò)去一直";be used to +v-ing / n(名詞)意為"習(xí)慣于";be used to +v意為"被用來(lái)(做某事)"。
(2)used to只表示過(guò)去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)。例如：
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn't.
2)He's quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他短語(yǔ)
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I'd rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don't like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：這些短語(yǔ)后一般直接跟動(dòng)詞原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引導(dǎo)的從句，that 常省去，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的假設(shè)用過(guò)去時(shí)，對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn't asked me to speak yesterday.
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