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了解西方文化，必先懂其咖啡
了解西方文化，必先懂其咖啡，一起來學習一下。
【教你識咖啡】
The top favorite types of coffee include espresso, cappuccino, Americano, cafe latte and cafe mocha.
最受大眾歡迎的咖啡不外乎以下幾種：意式特濃/濃縮咖啡、卡布奇諾、美式、拿鐵和摩卡。
Espresso is loved by many coffee connoisseurs (行家) and is known as "the essence of the coffee drinking world". Espresso is made by forcing very hot water under high pressure through finely ground (細磨的) coffee. Crema, a heavy red-brown foam layer, defines well-crafted espresso. It taste strong and bitter for those who are new to the coffee world. But a sip of it will leave a faint fragrance lingering on the palate(味覺).(See photo)
"意式特濃"素有"咖啡之魂"的美稱，是許多資深咖啡愛好者的最愛。它由研細的咖啡粉在高壓下經高溫熱水萃取而來。如何才算一杯上好的意式特濃?看表面是否漂浮著一層厚厚的呈棕紅色的泡沫——"克麗瑪"。由于口味極其濃郁，剛開始喝咖啡的人會覺得它很苦，但絕對唇齒留香。
Americano is an espresso shot that is diluted to taste with hot water. It's said the name was given to insult Americans whom the Europeans believed were not up to drinking straight espressos. Americano is recommended to new coffee enthusiasts who may find the espresso taste is too strong. In China, many coffee shops add cream and sugar to Americano to suit the taste of regular customers.
美式咖啡就是被熱水沖淡了的意式特濃。在歐洲人眼里，老美欣賞不了醇厚的咖啡，因此將這種兌淡了的咖啡喚做美式咖啡。對于剛迷上喝咖啡的人來說，可能會覺得意式咖啡過濃，這樣美式咖啡就很值得推薦了。國內很多咖啡館的美式咖啡都加入了奶油和糖來迎合一般消費者的口味。
Cappuccino and latte are the favorites among girls, both consisting of espresso, steamed milk, and frothed milk. All this makes the coffee taste more diluted and weaker. Cappuccino has a thicker layer of frothed milk than latte. When enjoying a quality cup of Cappuccino, with rich aroma and a foam mustache, you are actually enjoying a moment of innocence and romance.(See photo)
卡布奇諾和拿鐵是女生們最喜歡的兩款咖啡，兩者配料完全一致：濃縮咖啡、熱蒸奶和奶沫。這樣咖啡本身的味道就更淡了。卡布奇諾的奶沫比拿鐵更豐厚，品嘗一杯好的卡布奇諾時，濃香滿溢，奶泡沾上嘴唇，盡享純真和浪漫的一刻。
Cafe mocha is a popular after-dinner coffee in the West. It is one part espresso with 1 part chocolate syrup and 2 or 3 parts of frothed milk. Whipped cream (鮮奶油) on top is an option. For a friend who rarely drinks coffee but likes chocolate, mocha is the best choice.
在西方，人們喜歡在晚餐后來一杯摩卡咖啡，它的構成是一份特濃咖啡、一份巧克力糖漿加上2-3份奶沫，還可以在最上邊加一些鮮奶油。對于不怎么喝咖啡，但鐘愛巧克力的朋友來說，摩卡是最佳的選擇。
【咖啡物語】
Barista[咖啡師傅]
A barista is a bartender who is expert in the art of making espresso and espresso-based beverages.
咖啡師就是擅長做咖啡和各種咖啡飲品的服務人員。
Shot[一份一盎司的濃縮咖啡]
An additional espresso shot will cost another 10 to 15 cents.
多要一份濃咖啡需再付10到15美分。
Body[醇度]
飲用后，舌頭上咖啡留下的口感。
A coffee's body may be light or thin, medium, full, or very full (buttery or syrupy).
咖啡的醇度可以是清淡、稀薄、中等、高等、甚至是脂狀(如黃油或糖漿般濃稠)。
No foam[不加奶泡]
如果你不喜歡拿鐵上的奶泡沾到鼻子上，可以告知服務人員no foam。
I want some extra foam.
我想要多一點奶泡。
Dry[奶泡較多，牛奶較少]
假如您喜歡充滿綿密香甜奶泡的卡布其諾，你可以說：
I want a dry cappuccino.
我要一杯奶泡多的卡布奇諾。
Whip[鮮奶油]
Whipped cream的簡寫。假如你希望減低咖啡的熱量，可以說：
I don't want any whipped cream.
我不要鮮奶油。
Espresso Macchiato[濃縮瑪奇朵]
濃縮咖啡上輕柔地用奶泡做上記號。
Caramel Macchiato[焦糖瑪奇朵]
星巴克的獨創飲品，蒸奶+濃縮咖啡+香草糖漿，最后覆上焦糖。
Espresso Con Pana[濃縮康寶藍]
濃縮咖啡上覆滑順鮮奶油。
Caffe Misto[密斯朵咖啡]
一半咖啡，一半牛奶組成的"咖啡牛奶"。
Café Au Lait[歐蕾咖啡]
法國人最愛的早餐咖啡，與密斯朵類似，但牛奶更多。
Kopi Luwak[麝香貓咖啡]
又叫貓屎咖啡, 最貴的咖啡之一。
【來一杯咖啡】
Choose your drink and size. In Starbucks, a short is the equivalent of 8oz, a tall 12oz, and a grande is 16oz.
首先，選擇你想要的咖啡以及杯號。在星巴克，有8盎司(240毫升)的小杯、12盎司的中杯(360毫升)以及16盎司的大杯(480毫升)。(注：1盎司=30毫升)
Ask the barista for decaffeinated coffee (無咖啡因的咖啡) if that is what you want. If you like, order a flavoring. Chocolate, vanilla, caramel and hazelnut are the most popular.
如果需要低因咖啡的話可以向咖啡師講明。喜歡的話還可以給咖啡添加一點風味糖漿，巧克力，香草，焦糖，榛果口味最受歡迎。
口語學起來：
I'd like a short low-fat mocha for here.
我要一杯小杯的低脂摩卡咖啡，在店里用。
I want a tall latte with hazelnut syrup to go.
我要一杯外帶中杯雙份濃縮榛果拿鐵咖啡。
Can you get me a tall iced decaf mocha without whipped cream to go?
麻煩給我外帶一杯中杯低咖啡因冰摩卡咖啡，不加鮮奶油。
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