小升初英語語法《強調句》的知識點
強調句型的基本結構是It+be+被強調成分+that (who)…。如：
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (強調主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (強調賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (強調地點狀語in this shop)
綜觀近幾年的語法考題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)對強調句型的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：
一、考查強調句的基本形式
這類考題主要涉及被強調成分為介詞短語的情形。如：
It’s in the park that Jack met your sister yesterday.
杰克昨天是在公園與你的姐姐見面的。
It is on political questions that their views are different.
他們在政治問題上見解不同。
【真題實例】
1. —Where did you get to know her？
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _________ he chose the course.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
答案分別為DA)
二、考查強調句的特殊疑問句形式
強調句型的陳述句形式和一般疑問句形式一般還好理解，但若以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)，則很容易 誤解。比較：
Jim told us the news.(非強調句)
→It was Jim that told us the news.(強調句型的陳述句形式)
→Was it Jim that told us the news.(強調句型的一般疑問句形式)
→Who was it that told us the news.(強調句型的特殊疑問句形式)
特殊疑問句形式的強調句可視為對陳述句強調中的被強調成分提問得來，如對It was yesterday that he arrived. 這一句中的yesterday提問，即得到When was it that he arrived？ 請再看以下例子 ：
How long ago is it that you last saw her？ 你上一次看見她是多久以前的事？
Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath？ 為什么總是該我來洗刷浴缸？
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982？ 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯？
【真題實例】 (答案分別為DCA)
1. I just wonder _________ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
2.— _________ that he manage to get the information.
—Oh， a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
3. Why！ I have nothing to confess. _________ you want me to say？
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
三、考查被強調成分為從句的情形
如果被強調成分為一個詞或一個詞組還比較好理解，但如果被強調的是一個從句，則比較容易出 錯。如：
It was after he got married that he got to know Mary.
他是在結婚之后才認識瑪麗的。
It was not what he he said but how he behaved that made us angry.
使我們生氣的不是他說的話，而是他做的樣子。
【真題實例】 (答案分別為CAAA)
1. It is not who is right but what is right _________ is of importance.
A. which B. it C. that D. this
2. I don’t mind her criticizing me， but _________ is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
3. It was after he got what he had desired _________ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
4. It is what you do rather than what you way _________ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
朋友說話的時候它在這兒嗎？
四、考查not...until句式的強調結構
其基本形式為It is (was) not until…that…。比較：
He didn‘t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
→It was not until his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
→It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
注：這類句型不用倒裝語序，但若改成Not until…，則要用倒裝。如：
Not until his wife left did he come. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
Not until the rain stopped did they start. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
【真題實例】 (答案分別為DBD)
1. It _________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _________ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until； when B. was until； that C. wasn’t until； when D. wasn’t until； that
2. It was not until she got home _________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. before
3. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
五、考查強調句與非強調句的辨別
1. 設置陷阱，使考生將強調句誤判為非強調句。如：
It might have been John _________ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
【解析】答案選A，為強調句型，由于句中動詞be采用了might have been這一復雜結構，所以許 多同學們可能會看不出它是一個強調句型。
2. 設置陷阱，使考生將非強調句誤判為強調句。如：
It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
【解析】答案選D。有的考生一看到句首的it was，再聯(lián)系到選項中的that，就以為這是考查強 調句。其實錯了。此題是考查連詞before的用法。因為去掉It was…that這一結構后，原句不能成 為一個完整的句子，所以這不是強調結構。句意是：我們還沒有到達Winchester這個小鎮(zhèn)，天就夜了。
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