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LAST邏輯題考查內(nèi)容及題型
邏輯推理題主要考查以下推理能力：1)進(jìn)行論證的能力;2)評價論述的能力;3)形成或評價行動方案的能力。
按照美國ETS命題人員的說法，邏輯推理題主要考查考生在以下三個方面能否進(jìn)行有效推理的能力。
一、論點構(gòu)建(Argument construction)
這一方面產(chǎn)問題主要讓你去識別或找到：
(一) 論述的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(The basic structure of an argument)
(二) 正確得到的結(jié)論(Properly drawn conclusion)
(三) 基于的假設(shè)(Underlying assumption)
(四) 被強(qiáng)有力支持的解釋性假說(Well-supported explanatory hypotheses)
(五) 結(jié)構(gòu)上相似的論點的平行結(jié)構(gòu)(Parallels between structurally similar arguments)
二、論點評價(Argument evaluation)
這一方面的問題主要讓你在分析既定的論點基礎(chǔ)之上去識別：
(一) 加強(qiáng)或削弱既定論點的因素(Factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the given argument)
(二) 在進(jìn)行論述時所犯的推理錯誤(Reasoning errors committed in making that argument)
(三) 進(jìn)行論述所使用的方法(The method by which the argument proceeds)
三、形成并且評價行動方案(Formulating and evaluating a plan of action)
這方面的問題主要讓你去識別：
(一) 不同行動方案的相對合適性、有效性或效率(The relative appropriateness, effectiveness, or efficiency of different plans of action)
(二) 加強(qiáng)或削弱擬議行動方案成功可能的因素(Factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the prospects of success for a proposed plan of action)
(三) 擬議行動計劃所基于的假設(shè)(Assumptions underlying a proposed plan of action)
根據(jù)邏輯推理題的考查內(nèi)容，我們認(rèn)為熟悉邏輯推理的主要題型對你大有裨益，下面是我們在考試中將遇到的十一類邏輯推理題。
一、假設(shè)(Assumption)
這類考題主要考查我們識別根據(jù)什么前提得出論點的能力，這類題目往往用以下方式：
二、支持(Support)
這類考題主要考查我們識別一種附加事實信息支持論點的能力，這類題往往用如下措詞：
Which of the following, if true, would constitute the strongest evidence in support of the claim made above?
Which of the following, if true, does NOT support the claim that…
三、反對(Weaken)：
這類考題主要考查我們識別一種附加事實信息反對論點的能力,這類題主要用以下措詞:
Which of the following, if true, would additionally weaken the traditional opinion that…
The persuasiveness of the claim made above is most weakened by…
四、評價(Evaluation)：
這類考題主要考查我們評價論點的能力這類題往往用以下方式：
Which of the following would be most important to know in evaluating the accuracy of the argument above?
Knowledge of which of the following would be LEAST useful in evaluating the claims made in the passage above?
五、推斷(Inference)：
這類考題主要考查我們評價論點的能力，這類題往往用以下方式：
It can be inferred from the passage above that the author believes that…
Which of the following is implied by the passage above?
From the information above, which of the following can be most reasonably inferred about…
六、 結(jié)論(Conclusion)：
這類考題主要考查我們根據(jù)文章中的論據(jù)能提出什么合乎邏輯的主張的能力，這類題往往膩和這些方式：
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
Choose the most logical completion for the following paragraph.
Which of the following would provide the most logical conclusion for the preceding paragraph?
The statements in the passage, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?
七、中心思想：
這類題主要考查我們理解文章要點的能力，這類題往往用如下措詞：
The statement cited above conveys which of the following propositions?
The passage above emphasizes which of the following points?
The author in the passage above argues that…
Which of the following expresses the point the author of the passage above makes?
八、解釋(Explain)：
這類題主要考查我們解釋某外現(xiàn)象、結(jié)果或緩解某種矛盾的能力，這類題往往用這些方式：
Which of the following hypotheses, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox introduced above?
If all of the statements above are correct, an explanation of their apparent contradiction of provided by…
Which of the following, if true, provides the most logical completion of the passage below?
九、應(yīng)用：
這類題主要考查我們將一個論點的指導(dǎo)性原則用于另一論點的能力，這類題可能性用如下措詞：
Which of the following parallels the method of argumentation above?
The argument above is most like which of the following?
Which of the following suffers from a flaw that, in its logical aspects, is most like the difficulty described above?
Which of the following identifies a flaw in the speaker’s reasoning?
十、技法：
這類題主要考查我們識別論點的結(jié)構(gòu)方法或技法的能力，這類題可能用如下措詞：
The author’s point is made primarily by…
The labor negotiator minimizes his differences with management by…
The passage above criticizes the authorities by…
十一、劃線句子作用：
這類題主要考查我們論點構(gòu)建中的某句話對結(jié)論或前提是否起作用或起什么作用的能力。
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