и~R
и~R1
иx߷~R
һиxһN}Ŀ~R}~R}@ӵһN}JR@~Ϳ϶ܺܿ㲻JR@~ǽ^ӌƔ࣬M˺ܶrg߀õe`ĽYfQ~R}JR@~ô~R}иxожҪ?ռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}3-6~}(ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽ)Ҋ~R}Ҫ--ֻҪ~R}QˣpиxеһK֔߀}ʡˌFĕrgиx~R}п~Rʲôy?6~RҲyһЩġԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6@ӾͿxІ~}ķ֔ÝM
ڶxٶȵĆ}ЇиxһϵKڕrgxµٶ̫fJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿ!
и~RҪIƫ
һиx~RƫڌI|ԭ@ӣиԇǞ˿ӢZˮƽܷCڴWWI֪R˿ăƫ،WgķxҲĴWnĺ׃xȡڱ~ĕrڌWg~Roһ̶ȵҕǺ
ڶиxČI~Ry@cҲǺȻиһTӢZˮƽԇֲnjIԇy^ČI~Rxд_Fǿ.ݣ˼Ժز³
eӣIt should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals@OGx}еһԭ@Ԓеcetaceanһ^Io豳Ć~ֻҪJRwhalesdolphinsmammals֪cetaceanˮ()Dz@ஔ֪cetacean˼Ҫӛmammalwhaledolphin@N^õČI~Rcetacean@NƧѾڱ@NDĆ~Ǻֵܲõ
и~R2
~ֻӛι˲dzɹӛס~?
һr C
ӛи~ҪvrCҪxƽo죬Xos@NѕrCӛR˯ǰյȡrgҪӛҲҪoԭt
ӛıCenjЩxֿڼLĆ~Ҫųηyw
~ӛܶT磺wӛDӛYxӛӛ^ӛѭhӛӛҎӛEӛӛVӛȤζӛƬӛsӛȵһҪҵmԼһɷNӛҊ˼w
Ŀ
ĿĵӛסĆ~hȟowĿӛסĆ~zʵc̽ӑij}rЎׂPI~һӛס
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ӛ~rҪρäĿƴӛÎ犕rgм^ԓ~ĽYҳc@ϿƺMrgHόӛ~Ў
ӛ֮ĸκMƌW.~ӛԶηӛA
@ȻXJrtgrӛ~ЧҪú̼ܶķܶʹdӵ¶Чش̼X
ˡ
̌Wֱ^̌W٬Fw˷ȫ~ӛ
چ~ӛ@ǺoɆ
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XǺƣڵģи~RӛĕrgWÿһСrԃȡЌWgСһ㲻Ҫ^40
и~R3
ôиx~R}иxожҪأռ25%ϵıġOGfÿƪx}36~}ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽҊ~R}ҪԡֻҪ~R}QˣpиxеһK֔߀}ʡˌFĕrg
иx~R}п~Rʲôy6~RҲyһЩġԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6ϣ@ӾͿxІ~}'֔ÝM
Їиx俼һϵKڕrgãxµٶ̫fJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿۣиx~R}ՌxٶҲǷdz
и~R4
һҕxиԇ˼ԇһʽӢZŽ^ƽrӰѬҲһЩx^ҊϵϵK纆εwheel@~İlһwh҂l[w]Ӣаl[hw]rԺεwhatwhywhite~xl׃ҪJRnjxfӛסlҎt]PIҪW`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎt@}rԱT NlTǿҎtȥ
˿~xȻҪҕ@HPϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕h~rԓM ʽϤ~Rγ XУHHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃݷиԇfǷdzҪ
һ~Rdz࣬ʽҲ^ӡܶϵȫI˺ܶs]κһ@oһNMĸе~R߀ǸWZx~RݿoģֻҪXmԼľظLܰһJ桰ԇbbI˺ܶs]J挦κһ߀粻I
ҕƴmȻ ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ϣߌŰlFԼֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪYxӛ~ц~ֳһСһС@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵ'lTԇr~ͿԸxӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿFĕrҵϢ
ġҕZи ԇнFһЩҊZٵZӰ푴ҵ⣬˿ƽr˱ĸlW~R߀Zķeۡ@Щ~Ӱ푿
Č`зeۆμ~RȫQ~}~ڲͬZкx׃xҲЏкз֡} 迴ҕӰr Л]W^^Ć~мJһԼČеĆ~Ҫe^sČI~Rһ@Щ~Frжxͬx~x~гFʽVҺxЕrҲӰw}rPעһǷ@Nrae۽Q~xĽ
и~R5
и~Rdzɹ俼иԇA]ˆ~@A ZxoMӢZČWУи~Rǽ^ɺԵҪ֮
ʂ俼ии~RҪ7000-8000Ҫϵ~R˸XxµyȺyȲҪdz}ʽͬ⌦xٶҲһҪиFҪ Z͌жкܶ ݡ
yһҪƪlecture 漰I~R^yһЩcʂ ^ӛPӛҲǺҪ`fZԼȥQ^낀WԞZԓɆ}ˣĕr߀ǺܳҪԭǿZҪں̵ܶĕrgCϿĺ IJσݣM^ЗlĻش@ܿZԽM͑hҪc_ʼ
ģһƪСҲҪxҪ ģڶƪǏ}һһӳcʂOKfиĿԇL҂߀пӢZܴһҪȥܛ}һ²֪ԼҪЩlongmankaplan߀barroneġ
иԇ~ôk
ҪWЕrҵӢώS҂xrȻ@ĵƽr}rҪҊJRĆ~ͷֵԼĆ~~JRõ呟CеPIǻڵ~ֻҪľZ~ДǰHҲ͉и¶ǽY֔ͻÿһԒ@oՓľ߀Z϶yһ@ʹ҂ײ
ڶʾZ~һf^Ҫľӣˏ{һЩ¶DZ~somewhat,quite,pretty,etc.ҪW@Щ~wĦߵDĶõİס@Ĵ}rdzЎfxһڃȿσcȡ֮̎Zȵȱ^Ė|ֻھһ쾚̶ȵr²ſ\ҽhrgxһЩķĶģԼ@µĸX_ʼ}ԺץסһЙCȥ呟ԼyXڿБ׃֮yһҊ~ץϹӰԺİl]
и~R6
һһҪÿζر
ԼȄeԱ~e֮һԼQȄeȻeÿ챳ʮ~ԼsԱһق֮һ߀ʣʮDŽeBµʮÿһق䌍lF@ҪһºȻȻؾͱٻ ~䌣I~ӛ~~ڸиIͨãtҪӛӛӛסP~M
ڶ͆~Ҋ
һ~ܲӛסȡQںڲͬҊlÿοĕrgL̡һӛסһ~ÿҪڲͬҊĴǷһҊ鶼ǟo^PIиͬ͵ҊC^ҪĆ~ĵȼͬҊCķʽҲͬǧǧ@ȼ磺ӢZؿ~3500ǷdzõĆ~Ҏ˱_˼Ҫһ~Rÿƪаٷ֮ʮ@Щ~R@Щ~Z(Q~)ǷָСoٷָ֮gҲ]ʲô֮̎Ė|@Щ~÷MдģgĿ @܉õĻA~Rεӛס
!
ǧһf@ȼʣµİٷ֮ʮ^@ȼ~Ҫ ӿăͬҪ־xͷxɷN һӣҲǷxҪһЩxҪ̫LĿҿ~Ҫ̫࣬һƪЃJRľǧfҪһρͿӢZs־Сf~^Щ|yҿҲ~]ʲôMxҲҪֻҪrgһֱȥ@һɞһ~Rţ
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ܶǞ˱~~䌍õ`}Ŀ~Rӛƥtpoܛx~߅}߅ӛ~R@ЩǸl~Retsl~RԺԇҲҊ@NҲ
~ӢZWֻ֮Г˴ӢZ~R쾚ӢZ fxȻ~^ǺܿζģֻиDŬܵõ˵ijɿ
и~R7
apprehension n. ;
apprehensive adj. ֵ֑ģn]ģĵ
approach n. ; vt. ӽ;̽ӑ
appropriate adj. mǡ;vt. ܿ
approve vt. ;vi. ٝͬ
approval n. ٝʽ
approximate v. ӽ;adj. sģӋ
apt adj. ()ڵģЃAģڵ;ǡģNе
aptitude n. ;ȻA
aquatic adj. ˮ`ˮˮлˮϵ
aquarium n. ˮ^
arable adj. mڸɸ
arbitrary adj. MģƵģ
arbitrator n. ٲ
arbitration n. {ͣٲ
arboreal adj. 䗫;;ľ
archaic adj. Ŵģϵģfģ^r
archetype adj. ԭ
и~R8
ƄиPIźܶ˶@ӵɻǼɞ߀nj?䌍иҪ100ȻҪģҪ뿼100߀ҪһɵҲҪäĿĻȡø߷ֵĻУ~R.UȞҪoՓ xZ߀njx_~R
Ҷf~ⲻ֪ⱳDzܿXӛ͕ʧMZfٰʽچ~ӛҲһӵֻв؏ͻ҂~RrgxҲǺv˯ǰһСrDZ~SrgƌWоf˵ӛ˯Ԅ̎ľǾx˯Ƕӛ@rgӛeЧڵڶ峿ُһΡ
چ~xhͬWʹÁy@ӱ^aƣMʹ~Ķ^ĸl~RՓZƣعʶ֪£@ӛ҂ӛҲ֮صľLjԳ־¾ǁŲ׃ֻҪܰӋԳʩÿŬ^һի@
и~R9
lҪ
ҪJRnjxfӛסlҎt]ãPIҪW`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎt@}rԱT NlTǿҎtȥס
˿и ~RxȻҪҕ@HPϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕~rԓM ʽϤ~Rγ X`УHHҕXϵУ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃݷиԇfǷdzҪġ
ƴҪ
mȻи ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ߌŰlFԼֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪYxӛ~ц~ֳһСһС@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵİlTԇr~ͿԸxӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿFĕrҵϢ
и~R10
и~R˼~Rи~RÁGMAT~R^Ҳи~Rȥ˼͛]І}ˡ
˼~Rи~RҲкܶĽߵĽžӢZ~Rиƫ˼ƫ(ɽֲʯʲô)(ʲôvʷ¼ʲôWƷ)߀ЌWg(У@'D^̄̎ʲô)
Ҫ˼ԒòҪи~Rʂи˼~R^eķ棬һDzҪôܶ~Rò˼ĺܶ~RиҲw˼и~R]ôyͨМʂһ¾Ͳ
ϾС˼~Rи~Rʲô^e@}PĽϣ@Щ܉߀ڼmYǿ˼߀иͬWwԣ˼ҪиЩǶ߶ҪͶrgȥףԸ㿼ԇ܉ͨ^
и~R11
abandonn. ;vt. z;ŗ
accumulatevt. evi. ۷e;e
adverseadj. ;෴;(~adverseness~adversely)
amazingadj. @ v. ʹ@(amazeingʽ)
approvevi. ;ٝ;Mvt. ;ٝ;顭ṩC
assemblevt. ۼ;b;ռvi. ϣۼ
avidadj. ؝;ĵ
bartern.Q;サQ; vt. ԡ齻Q; vi. M؛Q;ӑr߀r
biographyn. ӛ;n;˺
bouldern. ʯAʯ;[
bulbn. 늟;[o;vi. o;Û
canv. _aux. ,n. ^,_
casualtyn. ¹;ˆT;\
chancen. C;\⣬e;vt. żȻl;ðUvi. ;żȻlF
civilianadj. õ;յƽ.n. ƽ
conceivevt. ;˼;Ԟ;vi. ;O;]
consecutiveadj. B؞;Bm
conventionn. ;T;s;f;
crabn. зƢ;ؙCvt. Թ;Ɖ;ʹƫvi. з;l};Թ
curriculumn.n
defendv.l(ҵ);أoʹ
detectv.lXlFz
disciplinen. W;o;Ӗ;Pvt. ӖӖ;ͽ
divertvt. D;ʹg;ʹDvi. D
dynamicadj. ӑB;;W;лn. ӑB;
emanatevt. 䣬lɢvi. l;ɢl;lԴ
и~R12
1. ˣWg͵иxFľǸNƌWңisterYβӶ
磺anthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistzoologistgeographerastronomer
(WŌWңWңWWČW)
@~RҟoӛסƴֻҪxгFԱJԡ挦δ֪Č~rҪДǂWƣźMһ
2. |ò@иxWgбغܴhҌ~RMзeۡ
磺volcanolayerconglomeratekarstporouspermeablemeteoroliteasteroid
ɽ()[r˹صò(ʯҎrһN)(cˮ)ɝBEʯС
3. cBc͵PԒ}иxhČ
磺unpredictablevaryrange fromextinctionendangeredtropicaljungleequatorial
Ay׃(~)׃(~)^lΣᎧ
4. vʷţ@}Ƿˮ݆DČҲҪע⡣ǚvʷµĿdžμvǏĸкܶ.FʽǹwǾvʷQͽͨ\ݔİlչǾǽʷȵ
relicsremainsmausoleumhandicraftcohesivenessterritorialcivilization
zEzEĹֹˇƷIģ
5. PI~@~ܲ@ǕӵĺxҪעČһЩзǰY~ǿ϶xһЩȫ]з~Yĸ~sĚ!
磺rarelymerelyundeniable
и~R13
һ.~
иZԇе~ڿԇʮҪ~ھпÁZeZZȵҾӵҪxͨ^~wFġܶrٲ˽ı_ԭǣ~ķeǡʹ~R_Լ挍˼Խhڂ俼ĕreһЩиZԇгõһЩ~Raccountadditionadvertisementȵ]xиZ~һق
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.~
~ҪÁ茑~ߴ~ʾ˻|Bԣ~ZZaZߠZͨҪ~֮ǰҶ~б^ȼʹݵĕrҪ쾚~ı^׃Ҏtеݵı^@~֮er@~֮estҪע@һcc˳õиZ~鿴~
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ӢZеĴ~Է֞˷Q~Iheȵ~~ָʾ~Ɇ~whowhomȵZeZZZҲÁZľeZľͱZľǿиZԇнʹô~`^ܶڿԇĕrҕ~lDQǴ~ڡԄeϲcָһڡδcָһǡˆ}ȵȶ³Fe`ԿһҪע~ʹ
иZԇҪʹô~RƽrһҪעe}Mо!
и~R14
ڳиĂ俼AźܶͬWоھWռһЩ俼YϺиԇļͬr@^У҂ҲǶܶĂ俼ɺͿԇCȻиԇ^@ЩDZزٵ҂߀ҪѴҪԼи俼A~RҪһhи~Rĭh҂߀עܶ༚Ҫc҂́һPעһ~RиԇжҪ
ȣиԇ~RںܶиԇČWfҿDZ^ϲgһЩ߷ֿĂ俼J@ӿǕoԼٵ.俼@ֵѴҵľǣoՓӵļ~RAҪĭhoՓӵĸ߷ӺõĻA~RDZزٵăݡJ鼼ɾǸ㶨иԇôСվԸVиĿԇYo㎧KʹĽӖ
ͬrڜʂи~R^УԼ~RAλҲǷdzҪһ^̡ڂ俼и^ھWϵһЩ俼ɺ͂俼ǽhҿԶTPOľ}Ȼ@ӵĽhě]e҂߀ǑԓԼĻAλڂ俼rWӢZļ~R߀RRôRTPO}ĿǷdzyġҲf]~RĻA}Ŀfo
SFиgԽԽСܶгЌW_ʼиԇҲfڵIĿfҪRиԇf~RҪȥ挦һЌWfڂ俼иĕrҪ挦и~RǸӢZ~+Wļ~+и~һЌWfҪ挦~R~RǷdzģҲҪĕrgʂ
и~R15
sea
high seas, open sea h
ocean
inlet С
bay ,
gulf
cove
cape
promontory, headland ,
cliff ͱ
port, harbour (:harbor)
bay, roadstead ֲ̎
sandbank ɳ
beach, shore
strait {
isthmus ؍{
reef ʯ
key
sandbar ɳ
tide
wave
undertow ^
tempest L
ground swell ӿ
seaquake ,[
low water ˮλ
и~RP£
и~R07-14
A_^и~R10-29
иرl~R20006-28
2022иxPĸl~R11-25
иibtиʲô^e08-13
иxԇʽ ô俼иxԇ10-20
иZh08-05
иWӋ11-03
ʲôиԇ 俼иԇ09-23
иӢZ 08-04